These early data provide a view into the physical processes that ignite these stellar bombs hundreds of millions of light years away. The team discovered three events, designated KSN 2011b, KSN 2011c and KSN 2012a, with measurements taken before, during and after the explosions. To capture the earliest moments of Type Ia explosions, the research team monitored 400 galaxies for two years using Kepler. “Just as many roads lead to Rome, nature may have several ways to explode white dwarf stars.” “Our Kepler supernova discoveries strongly favor the white dwarf merger scenario, while the Swift study, led by Cao, proves that Type Ia supernovae can also arise from single white dwarfs,” said Robert Olling, research associate at the University of Maryland and lead author of the study. The finding provides the first direct measurements capable of informing scientists of the cause of the blast. Known for its planet-hunting prowess and its unceasing gaze, the Kepler space telescope’s exquisitely precise and frequent observations every 30 minutes have allowed astronomers to turn back the clock and dissect the initial moments of a supernova. Researchers studying the Kepler data have caught three new and distant supernovae, and the dataset includes measurements taken before the violent explosions even happened. In studies appearing in Nature on Thursday, Kepler and Swift have found supporting evidence for both star-pulverizing scenarios. The interaction produces ultraviolet light that escapes as the supernova shell sweeps over the companion, a signal detected by Swift. This computer simulation shows the debris of a Type Ia supernova (brown) slamming into its companion star (blue) at tens of millions of miles per hour.
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“Not only do we get insight into what triggers a Type Ia supernova, but these data allow us to better calibrate Type Ia supernovae as standard candles, and that has implications for our ability to eventually understand the mysteries of dark energy.” “Kepler’s unprecedented pre-event supernova observations and Swift’s agility in responding to supernova events have both produced important discoveries at the same time but at very different wavelengths,” says Paul Hertz, Director of Astrophysics. Scientists are particularly fascinated with Type la supernovae, as they can serve as a lighthouse for measuring the vast distances across space. NASA’s Kepler and Swift spacecraft provides new insight into what triggers a Type Ia supernova, allowing astronomers to better calibrate Type Ia supernovae as standard candles – which may eventually lead to a better understand the mysteries of dark energy.Īstronomers are going gaga over newborn supernova measurements taken by NASA’s Kepler and Swift spacecraft, poring over them in hopes of better understanding what sparks these world-shattering stellar explosions.
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The measurements remained constant (yellow line) concluding the cause to be the merger of two closely orbiting stars, most likely two white dwarfs. In the red zoom box, the agua-colored region is the expected ‘bump’ in the data if a companion star is present during a supernova. The white diagram on the right represents 40 days of continuous observations by Kepler. The light curve shows a star’s brightness (vertical axis) as a function of time (horizontal axis) before, during and after the star exploded. the object becomes optional inside the closure.The graphic depicts a light curve of the newly discovered Type Ia supernova, KSN 2011b, from NASA’s Kepler spacecraft. Captures a weak reference to `obj`: the closure will not keep the object alive
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The closure's capture list can be used to specify a weak or unowned reference: let closure: () -> Void as long as the closure itself is alive.Ĭlosure() // The object is still alive prints "Hello" Captures a strong reference to `obj`: the object will be kept alive When a closure captures a reference type (a class instance), it holds a strong reference by default: let closure: () -> Void Getting Started with Protocol Oriented Programming.Generate UIImage of Initials from String.Function as first class citizens in Swift.Captures, strong/weak references, and retain cycles.